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Torricelli's experiment

The Italian physicist and mathematician Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647), a friend of Galileo Galilei, carried out various experiments in order to measure the atmospheric pressure.

Torricelli used a 1m long graduated tube closed at one end. He filled the tube with mercury and plunged the open end into a vessel containing mercury. Reflecting on the fact that, after a certain time, the vessel level no longer varied, Torricelli was conclusive in determining that atmospheric pressure did this action. And since the mark presented was 76 cm, it defined that the atmospheric pressure would have the value of 760 mm of Hg (chemical symbol of the mercury).


Torricelli performed this experiment more often, varying the site. He verified that the altitude influenced the height of the column of mercury, which led him to the conclusion that the atmospheric pressure decreases with the altitude. And why did you use mercury? Torricelli used mercury because it is a liquid metal, at room temperature and because it has a high density value, using its characteristics as a good conductor of heat and dilating little in relation to the change of altitude.

Source: https://profes.com.br/Rafaela.a.f/blog/experimento-de-torricelli

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